Showing posts with label winterizing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label winterizing. Show all posts

Monday, February 8, 2016

Time Sure Flies


2015 New Zealand new hive package Queen cage and comb
It’s been almost a full year! How did that happen? Our last blog was about the Flow Hive, and we start this season off with, yes, you guessed it, a real Flow Hive of our own. It's only one of the new developments from the last 12 months, and to be honest, we are more than ready to leave 2015 behind and start 2016 with a bang. We can’t wait to get our Flow Hive out there and full of bees, and we can't wait to include updates about the hive in our blog, so come on, Spring! Time’s a-wasting.

Frame with Queen cells -- 23 of them -- not a good sign.

2015 was busy in many ways for us (which is why we never did any blogs). It was also, to say the least, a bit disappointing from the beekeeping perspective. The year started off wonderfully, with all our hives coming through the winter with flying colors. We were thrilled to see all those bees in all those boxes. The Queens seemed strong, the hives were busy and everything seemed wonderful in our little bee world. We set a couple of hives in a new yard (thankfully) and prepared for a year of growth, success, and lots of honey. Unfortunately, the best laid plans of mice and men...

The new motorized 20-frame extractor!
Though we started off strong with all our hives, and we added three new package hives from New Zealand, and three new local nucs to the mix, we ended up the year with one less hive than when we started. These were definitely not the results we had hoped for, but it was better than it could have been. The new packages started off well enough and grew steadily enough, that we purchased more boxes, more equipment and, thankfully, a new motorized extractor that didn’t have to be hand-cranked! Soon into the spring, though, our bees faltered. The new hives didn’t grow. The queens were laying in spotty patterns – not a good sign. We found hives with dozens of new emergency Queen cells, indicating that the hive was in a panic to create a new queen -- the current one was either sick or dead. We had many bees dying, their tongues protruding as if they were poisoned. In fact, we assumed that they must have gotten into a sprayed crop and brought the poison back with them, but the symptoms didn’t seem quite right. It was the start of a massive learning curve for us, as new beekeepers.

A week hive -- one of the new hives from New Zealand. 
We had the provincial Bee Inspector come around and he went through all our hives. The idea of it being Foul Brood was mentioned then ruled out (thank god, because the thought of burning our hives completely - the only treatment for the disease - was heart-breaking). Mites were also considered and tested for, but were ruled out. Samples were sent off to be tested, but the results were inconclusive. Through this, more of the hives faltered. We would split some because of massive queen production then find all queens had perished. It was a year of many challenges, and not much good news to share with anyone.

A weak frame with no production and few bees. 
Add to this the fact that we had a very dry year, not conducive to flowers blooming or plants growing well, and not really something that makes already-stressed bees happy. The bees were always looking for water, finding it too often in the swimming pool where they then became trapped. The drought also meant an increase in wasps, too many of which had a taste for new bee brood. We lost three hives completely to wasps – they came in, killed the already-struggling bees and robbed the brood.

A Queen cage, complete with Queen and attendants.

As we learn in life, though, failure begets knowledge. We learned many things over the course of the year. Among those things learned was that it was not a very good year for beekeepers in general around the continent. It was not a fact to celebrate, but it did reassure us that perhaps we weren’t the cause of our hives dying. We learned that spring in the apiary business means increased sensitivity to stings. We learned that in dry years, the honey will be less abundant but thicker in composition (thank god for the motorized extractor!). We have had the ultimate crash course on just about every disease known to bees, and every threat, and how to try to mitigate the damage they can cause. We tried a different treatment program (still organic) for the treatment of mites when we put the hives to bed for the winter. We will be trying some new techniques in the spring when the hives get ready to swarm, hopefully resulting in more hives for us in the end.


Mostly what we learned, though, is that we love being beekeepers, despite the challenges (and man, were there challenges in 2015!). Our first inspection this year went very well. The bees were in good clusters, and the hives we were sure would not last the winter seem to be going strong. We have put out feedings for them – another new recipe, as well as the pollen patties – and we are watching as they emerge on those first spring flights; they have waited a long time to go to the bathroom. It feels to be an early spring, with a new year of possibilities and potential (and hopefully a few less stings than last year, although we also learned some new, amazing tricks to deal with that as well). We have our new signs to up – hanging out our shingle, as it were – we have some new ideas and plans for our bees and their honey, and we’re ready to face 2016 head on. 

Saturday, September 20, 2014

He bee? Gee, bees!


Yes, we are talking about drones today – the male of the species. There was some discussion about titles for the blog today – Drone It Make You Want To Go Home, and Droneo oh Droneo. All three are relevant. Drones are the playboys of the hive set. They’re born, they mate, and they die. Well, if they’re lucky, they mate (although that could be subject to interpretation, I suppose).

Today, while watching the hives in action (a not rare pastime around here), we were able to see the drones outside the hives. The workers were working – some bringing in absolutely HUGE loads of pollen, some cleaning, some defending the hive. The worker bees are all – surprise, surprise – female. The workers are the smallest bees in the hive. The drones are slightly bigger, and the Queens outsize them all. We’ll talk more about the workers, and the Queens, later on in the year. Right now, it’s drone time! (although we were absolutely thrilled to see so much pollen being gathered at this time of year).

Drones – they take the longest to mature (no, we shouldn’t be surprised at that, should we?). They are distinctive because of their size, but also because of their huge eyes. You would think that they are built this way in order to better defend and protect the hive, but no. They have no stinger, so they are not a defensive creature. When they hatch, they are fed and cared for by the workers. Then they leave the hive during the day to try to find some sweet new Queen bee on one of her (usually) three nuptial flights. When they do find one, they lay on the charm, hoping to be one of the twenty or so men she will take a shine to. Here’s the thing though – once they have mated with her, that one time, they die, because she rips off their reproductive organs and carries them with her. She stores the sperm in her spermatheca where she can then get it when she is laying her eggs (which she will do all day, every day, for the rest of her life).

Worker bee on the left side of the opening, drone on the right.
See the difference in their eyes. 
When the hive needs drones, the Queen will lay unfertilized eggs that will then become males. She never breeds again, other than on her nuptial flights, and no mating is ever done within the hive. When a new Queen is ready to be bred, she finds drones from another colony, thus keeping her hive strong and healthy. A colony will produce several hundred drones (compared the tens of thousands of workers it produces) so seeing the drones is always a good sign of a healthy hive.

Workers pushing a persistent drone away from the hive.

But, females can be pragmatic critters, and when it comes time to prepare the hive for winter, they are worried about having enough food to last. They know the males will do nothing but help deplete stocks, and they know that the queen can create new drones within 24 days, so when the going starts to get tough… the men get going. Yes, the workers will force the drones from the hive, which is again another death sentence for them. (To be fair, they only live about 4-6 weeks anyway.) As we watched today, the workers from The Dregs were having no argument. The drones were being pushed out, sometimes dragged out, and occasionally wrestled out of there! They didn’t want to go, but then again, they were living a pretty charmed life – no cooking, working, cleaning or helping with the kiddos. In a hive, if you don’t work, you don’t last.


Pushing another persistent drone out the door. 
It’s another sign that the bees are getting ready for winter. We will be helping them in the coming weeks, but for now, as long as they’re pulling in the pollen, we are going to let them. The nights are cool, but there are still some good bee-flying days ahead… unless you’re a drone. 



Workers heavy with pollen. The one had so much she toppled
over when she landed.